Romeo & Juliet - Act 4 Scene 1
Friar Laurence's cell.
Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARIS
FRIAR LAURENCE
On Thursday, sir? The time is very short.
PARIS
My father Capulet will have it so,
And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.
FRIAR LAURENCE
You say you do not know the lady's mind.
Uneven is the course, I like it not.
Paris' comments may indicate that he's actually spoken with Juliet, though he may be referring to a conversation with her parents. This scene may be the first time that he and Juliet speak face-to-face.
PARIS
Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,
And therefore have I little talked of love,
For Venus smiles not in a house of tears.
Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous
That she doth give her sorrow so much sway,
And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,
To stop the inundation of her tears;
Which, too much minded by herself alone,
May be put from her by society.
Now do you know the reason of this haste.
This scene echoes and reverses the "marriage" scene of 2.6. In this case, Paris replaces Romeo, and Friar Laurence is working to prevent a wedding, rather than perform one.
FRIAR LAURENCE
[Aside] I would I knew not why it should be slowed.
Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell.
Enter JULIET
PARIS
Happily met, my lady and my wife!
JULIET
That ‘may be’, sir, when I may be a wife.
PARIS
That “may be” must be, love, on Thursday next.
Juliet's ability to remain polite and proper is sorely tested here, as she enters in desperate straits and encounters the last person she wants to see.
JULIET
What must be shall be.
FRIAR LAURENCE
That's a certain text.
PARIS
Come you to make confession to this Father?
JULIET
To answer that, I should confess to you.
PARIS
Do not deny to him that you love me.
JULIET
I will confess to you that I love him.
Paris' relentless confidence here can play as charming or as arrogant. He may register the lack of warmth from Juliet, or may remain oblivious to it. Any of these choices will reveal and define a great deal of Paris' character.
PARIS
So will ye, I am sure, that you love me.
JULIET
If I do so, it will be of more price,
Being spoke behind your back, than to your face.
PARIS
Poor soul, thy face is much abused with tears.
JULIET
The tears have got small victory by that,
For it was bad enough before their spite.
PARIS
Thou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report.
JULIET
That is no slander, sir, which is a truth;
And what I spake, I spake it to my face.
PARIS
Thy face is mine, and thou hast slandered it.
JULIET
It may be so, for it is not mine own.
Are you at leisure, holy Father, now;
Or shall I come to you at evening mass?
FRIAR LAURENCE
My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.
My lord, we must entreat the time alone.
The kiss here will test Juliet's politeness even further. For the first time, she does not respond with another kiss, but remains passive.
PARIS
God shield I should disturb devotion!
Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye;
Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss.
Exit
JULIET
O shut the door! and when thou hast done so,
Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!
Friar Laurence offers sympathy, a gesture more in keeping with his social role. He may be trying to limit his meddling, since his interference thus far is proving disastrous. Juliet immediately calls him to action, requiring that he help to amend the situation he's created.
FRIAR LAURENCE
Ah, Juliet, I already know thy grief;
It strains me past the compass of my wits:
I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,
On Thursday next be married to this County.
JULIET
Tell me not, Friar, that thou hear'st of this,
Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it.
If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,
Do thou but call my resolution wise,
And with this knife I'll help it presently.
God joined my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;
And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo sealed,
Shall be the label to another deed,
Or my true heart with treacherous revolt
Turn to another, this shall slay them both.
Therefore, out of thy long-experienced,
Give me some present counsel, or, behold,
'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife
Shall play the umpire, arbitrating that
Which the commission of thy years and art
Could to no issue of true honour bring.
Be not so long to speak; I long to die,
If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy.
Friar Laurence is initially vague about the details of his plan. He may be testing Juliet's resolve first, or he may be making it up as he goes, or both.
FRIAR LAURENCE
Hold, daughter; I do spy a kind of hope,
Which craves as desperate an execution
As that is desperate which we would prevent.
If, rather than to marry County Paris,
Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,
Then is it likely thou wilt undertake
A thing like death to chide away this shame,
That copest with death himself to scape from it;
And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy.
Ironically, Juliet's commitment to death now becomes the thread of hope connecting her to life.
JULIET
O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,
From off the battlements of yonder tower;
Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurk
Where serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;
Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,
O'er-covered quite with dead men's rattling bones,
With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;
Or bid me go into a new-made grave
And hide me with a dead man in his shroud;
Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;
And I will do it without fear or doubt,
To live an unstained wife to my sweet love.
The wedding to Paris has now become a metaphorical ticking time-bomb, with a countdown that provides suspense.
Under scrutiny, Friar Laurence's plan is far-fetched, riddled with problems, and extremely risky. The play's relentless forward motion allows us to accept it, and the earlier detail of Friar Laurence's skill with plants makes the potion somewhat more believable.
FRIAR LAURENCE
Hold, then; go home, be merry, give consent
To marry Paris. Wednesday is tomorrow.
Tomorrow night look that thou lie alone;
Let not thy Nurse lie with thee in thy chamber.
Take thou this vial, being then in bed,
And this distillèd liquor drink thou off;
When presently through all thy veins shall run
A cold and drowsy humour, for no pulse
Shall keep his native progress, but surcease;
No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;
The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade
To paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,
Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;
Each part, deprived of supple government,
Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death,
And in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death
Thou shalt continue two and forty hours,
And then awake as from a pleasant sleep.
Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comes
To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead;
Then, as the manner of our country is,
In thy best robes uncovered on the bier
Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault
Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie.
In the meantime, against thou shalt awake,
Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,
And hither shall he come; and he and I
Will watch thy waking, and that very night
Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua.
And this shall free thee from this present shame,
If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,
Abate thy valour in the acting it.
JULIET
Give me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!
FRIAR LAURENCE
Hold, get you gone; be strong and prosperous
In this resolve. I'll send a friar with speed
To Mantua, with my letters to thy lord.
Like Romeo in 3.3, Juliet adds a farewell after the scene's closing couplet, disrupting the neat formal ending. This disruption can make the scene's conclusion feel off-balance, supporting the sense of plans and lives gone off-course.
JULIET
Love give me strength! And strength shall help afford.
Farewell, dear father!
Exeunt